Epstein Pearls in Newborns: What Parents Need to Know


Noticed a tiny white or yellow bump on your baby’s gums or the roof of their mouth? It could be Epstein pearls — harmless cysts that are very common among newborns. While they might look concerning at first, there's no need to worry. Studies show that 60–80% of newborns have Epstein pearls, and they typically go away on their own within a few weeks.

What Are Epstein Pearls?

Epstein pearls are small, white or yellowish cysts that appear on a baby’s gums or the roof of their mouth (palate). These are known medically as gingival or palatal cysts and are caused by keratin (a natural protein found in skin and hair) trapped during the formation of the baby’s mouth in the womb.

Many parents mistake Epstein pearls for early teething, but they are not related to tooth development and pose no health risk to your child.

Symptoms and Appearance

These cysts are usually:

  • Small (1–3 mm in size)

  • Dome-shaped, smooth, and painless

  • Located on the midline of the palate or along the gum line

They don’t cause discomfort, so your baby will likely continue feeding, sleeping, and behaving normally.

Why Do Epstein Pearls Occur?

Epstein pearls form when epithelial cells (a type of skin cell) get trapped during the fusion of the baby’s mouth in utero. These trapped cells form keratin-filled cysts — a completely natural and harmless process.

Are There Any Risk Factors?

While any baby can develop Epstein pearls, they are more common in:

  • Babies born through vaginal delivery

  • Full-term infants

  • Babies of first-time mothers

Importantly, Epstein pearls are not contagious, and they aren’t caused by infections or poor hygiene.

How to Manage Epstein Pearls

No treatment is needed for Epstein pearls — they disappear naturally, usually within the first few weeks of life. Still, here are some tips to support your baby’s oral health:

  • Avoid touching or squeezing the bumps

  • Continue regular feeding — breastfeeding or bottle-feeding is safe

  • Keep your baby’s mouth clean — gently wiping away milk residue is enough

When to Contact a Doctor

See a pediatrician if:

  • The bumps don’t disappear after a few weeks

  • Your baby has feeding issues or discomfort

  • There is swelling, discharge, or a color change in the cysts

Final Thoughts

Epstein pearls are a normal part of many babies’ early development. While they may look unusual, they are harmless and temporary. If you're unsure, don’t hesitate to check in with your pediatrician. For expert care, consult the best child dentist in Trichy at Surya Dental Care to ensure your baby’s oral health is on the right track. 

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